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Background The tobacco epidemic as one of the most serious public health problems in the world contributes great harm to human health. It is urgent to develop tobacco control strategy. Civil servants' behaviors as a role model for society have a great influence on the rest of society. Thus, it is important to promote tobacco control program on helping civil servants to quit smoking. Objective To understand the smoking and second-hand smoking exposures status, the awareness of knowledge of tobacco hazards, and the attitudes to tobacco control policies of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai. Furthermore, to explore the related strategies and measures for tobacco control, to provide a basis for the development and revision of relevant intervention measures and policies. Methods A total of 20 government agencies with newly installed smoking-free programs from 10 subdistricts and towns in Minhang District, including Xinzhuang, Wujing, Maqiao, Qibao, Meilong, Hongqiao, Zhuanqiao, Jiangchuan, Gumei, and Xinhong were selected as study sites.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all civil servants (n=801) of selected agencies. The questionnaire included general characteristics, smoking and second-hand smoking exposure status, knowledge of tobacco hazard, and attitudes to tobacco control policies. Results A total of 794 civil servants returned valid questionnaires. The awareness rate of tobacco hazards in the smoking group was lower than that in the non-smoking group (P<0.05). Relatively high smoking rates were reported in those being male (17.08%), age ≥51 years old (25.61%), divorced or widowed (12.50%), technical secondary school or below education level (22.81%), having more than 10 years of working years (11.57%), being willing to dissuade indoor smoking (24.54%), having no punishment or warning measures for violation of smoking regulations in workplaces (18.37%), and having no dedicated smoking spot at home (15.38%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age 31-40 years old (OR=3.446, 95%CI: 1.236-9.609) and to avoid confronting indoor smoking (OR=3.686, 95%CI: 1.041-13.049) were risk factors for smoking in civil servants. Conclusion Civil servants aged 31-40 years old who deliberately avoid confronting indoor smoking behaviors are the key intervention population of smoking control in Minhang District, Shanghai.
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Purpose@#Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@#We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. @*Conclusion@# @*Materials and Methods@#EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.
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Purpose@#Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@#We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain. @*Conclusion@# @*Materials and Methods@#EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.
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microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained more attention due to the biological functions in many cancers, includingnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the roles and the mechanism of miR-140-3p in NSCLCprogression remain poorly understood. In this study, the expression levels of miR-140-3p and Janus kinase 1(JAK1) were measured in NSCLC tissues and cells by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell viability, apoptosis,migration and invasion were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-trtrazolium bromide, flowcytometry, Western blot or trans-well assay, respectively. Murine xenograft model was conducted to analyzethe anti-tumor effect of miR-140-3p in vivo. Interaction between miR-140-3p and JAK1 was probed byluciferase reporter activity and Western blot. We found that miR-140-3p expression was down-regulated andJAK1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues and cells compared with those in corresponding controls.Moreover, overexpression of miR-140-3p inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion while promoted cellapoptosis in NSCLC cells and suppressed NSCLC xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Besides, JAK1 was provedas a target of miR-140-3p and its restoration reversed miR-140-3p-mediated regulatory effect on progression ofNSCLC. We concluded that miR-140-3p inhibited NSCLC progression by targeting JAK1, providing a novelavenue for treatment of NSCLC.
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Objective To investigate the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2016, so as to provide scientific basis to monitor diarrhea disease and to control cluster epidemics. Methods The diarrhea cases in monitoring hospitals from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed by epidemiological methods.Stool specimens were collected using systematic sampling for etiological examination.All specimens were tested for cholera, Shigella, salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, rotavirus, norovirus and enteric adenovirus. Results Totally 11 742 cases of diarrhea were reported in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2016.The majority of the patients were young and middle aged adults.885 stool samples were detected for pathogen, 454 cases (51.30%) were pathogen positive including 57 cases of bacterial and virus co-infection.The detection rates of bacteria and viruses were respectively 10.36%(92/454)and 34.46%(305/454).Three kinds of bacteria and five kinds of viruses were detected, that were mainly Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n=72), salmonella (n=19), norovirus (n=195) and rotavirus A (n=71).The positive rate of pathogens reached the peak from January to March.There was a significant difference in pathogen positive rate between different seasons, while no difference between different years, gender and age groups.The epidemic peaks of different pathogens were different, with bacteria in summer and virus in winter and spring. Conclusion The positive rate of pathogens that caused diarrhea in Minhang District shows a significant seasonal peak.Norovirus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and rotavirus A are the three main pathogens.It is necessary to take effective measures for diarrhea disease control according to the epidemiological characteristics.
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The efficacy of TESSYS technique in treating the far lateral lumbar disc herniation was analyzed retrospectively.From June 2017 to June 2019, 11 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation underwent surgery were selected as F group, and 13 patients with central or paracentral lumbar disc herniation were selected as L group, regardless of gender, with the age of 51-66 yr.Preoperative selective nerve root block was performed under the guidance of ultrasound to determine the diseased disc, and then discectomy was performed using TESSYS technique in both groups.Pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale score at l day before surgery and 3 days and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.Patient′s function was assessed by using the Oswestry Disability Index at l day before surgery and 6 months after surgery.The therapeutic effect was evaluated using the modified Macnab criteria at 6 months after surgery.Compared with group L, no significant change was found in Visual Analogue Scale scores at each time point after surgery, Oswestry Disability Index scores at 6 months after surgery, and Macnab outcome grade at 6 months after surgery in group F ( P>0.05). In conclusion, TESSY technique can be used to treat the far lateral lumbar disc herniation.
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Rotator cuff injury is a common shoulder disease,which often results in pain and limited motion of shoulder and reduces the quality of life.There are some limitations for current treatments,which often lead to repair failure or reinjury of rotator cuff.Therefore,a novel repair technique is needed.Biologic repair represents a novel technique in the management of rotator cuff injury,and has the potential to restore the normal histological structure of rotator cuff.Biologic repair involves the application of growth factors and/or cells to promote the regeneration of rotator cuff tendons. This study reviewed the literatures on biologic repair of rotator cuff injury,and presented the research progress.
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Purpose To induce the differentiation of hu-man umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ( HUCMSCs) into annulus fibrosus (AF) cells by in vitro co-culture technique and to investigate the morphological and histological changes of HUCMSCs after co-culture. Methods HUCMSCs and AF cells were isolated from the normal neonatal umbilical cord and New Zealand white rabbit. Transwell six-well plates were used for co-culture with the cells seeded at the ratio of 1 ∶ 1, HUCMSCs cultured alone served as controls. After two weeks of co-culture, morphological changes were observed by inverted microscope. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of typeⅠcolla-gen, aggrecan and SOX-9 gene in HUCMSCs. Immunocyto-chemical staining and toluidine blue staining were used to detect the synthesis of cell matrix such as type Ⅰ collagen and aggre- can. Results The morphology of HUCMSCs in control group was long-fusiform, the morphology of HUCMSCs in co-culture gradually became short-fusiform or polygonal, and began to ap-pear synapse, showing the morphological features of AF-like cells. Real-time PCR results showed that typeⅠcollagen, aggre-can and SOX-9 mRNA were significantly increased in the co-cul-ture group (P＜0. 05). Immunocytochemical staining and tolui-dine blue staining showed that type I collagen and aggrecan were positive, respectively. Conclusion In vitro co-culture technol-ogy can induce HUCMSCs to differentiate into AF-like cells, which is expected to provide a new kind of seed cells for the bio-logical treatment of degenerative disc disease.
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Objective To evaluate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the synaptic plasticity of entorhinal area-hippocampal formation in rats with inflammatory pain.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) by using a random number table method:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin group (group R).Inflammatory pain model was established by subcutaneous injection of 50 μl bee venom into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.The equal volume of normal saline was subcutaneously injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw in group C.In group DMSO,2％ DMSO was administered by intragastric gavage for 3 days,1 ml per day,and the inflammatory pain model was established at 1 h after administration on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin was administered by intragastric gavage for 3 days,1 ml per day,and the inflammatory pain model was established at 1 h after administration on 3rd day.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 h after establishing the model.The rats were sacrificed after measurement of the pain threshold,and hippocampi were removed to prepare hippocampal slices.Hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus (DG region) were located with an inverted microscope.Planar microelectrode array technique was used to record the number of channels and the standardized amplitude of evoked effective field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) (fEPSPs amplitude＞20％ of the baseline value) at different stimulus intensities.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,the number of effective fEPSP channels at different stimulus intensities was increased,and the amplitude of standardized fEPSPs in hippocampal DG and CA1 regions was increased in group IP (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group R (P＞0.05).Compared with group IP,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,the number of effective fEPSP channels at different stimulus intensities was decreased,and the amplitude of standardized fEPSPs in hippocampal DG and CA1 regions was decreased in group R (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion mTOR is involved in the changes in the synaptic plasticity of entorhinal areahippocampal formation in rats with inflammatory pain.
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Objective To investigate the effect of the third party evaluation on improving the quality of medical service as well as the degree of patient trust in hospital.Methods Discharge patients from a two-level hospital in Minhang District was enrolled to evaluate their trust for medical service.Telephone follow-up were implemented in group A by the third party evaluation team.Group B was evaluated by the in-patient department when they left the hospital.These two evaluation methods were compared for the effects.Results During the first evaluation,1 073 people in group A,the equipartition satisfaction was 3.83 ± 0.57,the satisfaction rate was 54.99％.While in group B of 1 480 people,the equalization satisfaction was 3.83 ± 0.49,the satisfaction rate was 57.03％ (P＞0.05).At the fourth evaluation,1 233 people in group A and 1 512 people in group B were evaluated.Regarding group A,the patient satisfaction scores was 4.18 ± 0.33,patients satisfaction rate was 84.43％,the equipartition of patients referral was 3.44 ± 0.83,the equipartition of patients recommends the physician was 3.52 ±0.88,the equipartition of the doctor and patient had a quarrel was 4.33 ± 0.60,the equipartition of patients will find another doctor for diagnosis was 3.31 ± 0.72,the equipartition of patients expressed fully in accordance with the doctor's order of medication was 3.45 ± 0.72,group A were better than groupB (P＜0.05).Of the28 entries in the level of trust related to medical services,15 entries of group A were higher than group B (P＜0.05).In group A,the equipartition of moderate intensity activity was 3.62 ± 0.81,the equipartition of emotional coordination refers to 3.71 ± 0.76,the equipartition of family coordination was 3.69 ± 0.58,the equipartition of friends coordination was 3.73 ± 0.74,the equipartition of overall health was 3.31 ± 0.77,all were superior to group B (P＜0.05).Conclusions The third party evaluation is a supplementation for hospital management,which has positive effects on improving medical service quality of medical institutions,the hospital performance appraisal system,patients' experiences and trust degree.
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Objective To investigate the effect of the third party evaluation on improving the quality of medical service as well as the degree of patient trust in hospital.Methods Discharge patients from a two-level hospital in Minhang District was enrolled to evaluate their trust for medical service.Telephone follow-up were implemented in group A by the third party evaluation team.Group B was evaluated by the in-patient department when they left the hospital.These two evaluation methods were compared for the effects.Results During the first evaluation,1 073 people in group A,the equipartition satisfaction was 3.83 ± 0.57,the satisfaction rate was 54.99％.While in group B of 1 480 people,the equalization satisfaction was 3.83 ± 0.49,the satisfaction rate was 57.03％ (P＞0.05).At the fourth evaluation,1 233 people in group A and 1 512 people in group B were evaluated.Regarding group A,the patient satisfaction scores was 4.18 ± 0.33,patients satisfaction rate was 84.43％,the equipartition of patients referral was 3.44 ± 0.83,the equipartition of patients recommends the physician was 3.52 ±0.88,the equipartition of the doctor and patient had a quarrel was 4.33 ± 0.60,the equipartition of patients will find another doctor for diagnosis was 3.31 ± 0.72,the equipartition of patients expressed fully in accordance with the doctor's order of medication was 3.45 ± 0.72,group A were better than groupB (P＜0.05).Of the28 entries in the level of trust related to medical services,15 entries of group A were higher than group B (P＜0.05).In group A,the equipartition of moderate intensity activity was 3.62 ± 0.81,the equipartition of emotional coordination refers to 3.71 ± 0.76,the equipartition of family coordination was 3.69 ± 0.58,the equipartition of friends coordination was 3.73 ± 0.74,the equipartition of overall health was 3.31 ± 0.77,all were superior to group B (P＜0.05).Conclusions The third party evaluation is a supplementation for hospital management,which has positive effects on improving medical service quality of medical institutions,the hospital performance appraisal system,patients' experiences and trust degree.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transforanminal endoscopic spine system (TESSYS) technique in treating lumbar disc herniation complicated with Ⅰ degree stability of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods Thirty-two patients with lumbar disc herniation,aged 51-82 yr,weighing 52-93 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=16 each) according to whether patients had lumbar spondylolisthesis:lumbar disc herniation group (Y group) and lumbar disc herniation combined with Ⅰ degree stability of lumbar spondylolisthesis group (Y+Z group).Extirpated protrusion,plasty ligamenum flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament and nerve root decompression were carried out using TESSYS technique in two groups,and in addition excision of osseous neoplasias and retro-positioned posterior margin of lumbar vertebral body was done in group Y+Z.Pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 1 day before surgery and 3 days and 1,3,6 and 12 months after surgery.Patient's function was assessed by using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 1 day before surgery and 12 months after surgery.The therapeutic effect was evaluated using modified Macnab criteria at 12 months after surgery.Results Compared with the baseline at 1 day before surgery,VAS scores were significantly decreased at each time point after surgery,and ODI was decreased at 12 months after surgery in two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group Y,VAS scores were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in ODI at each time point or VAS scores and Macnab outcome grade at 12 months after surgery in group Y+Z (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion TESSYS technique can be used to treat lumbar disc herniation complicated with Ⅰ degree stability of lumbar spondylolisthesis.
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Objectives To investigate the relationship of sex difference with serum bisphenol-A (BP-A),adiponectin and metabolic syndrome (MetS)in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension(EISH).Methods A retrospective study of the clinical data was conducted in 540 subjects from the Cardiology and Geriatric Department in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Changzhi Municipal People,s Hospital and the Department of Cardiology of Shanxi Medical University,First Clinic Hospital from January 2010 to December 2013.Elderly patients with EISH were divided into male group(n=270)and female group(n=270).Meanwhile 560 older health persons were severed as controls,including 300 females and 260 males.The changes of BP-A and adiponectin (Ad) concentration were measured.The blood lipid,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),blood pressure,body mass index,heart rate variability and ultrasonic change of heart and blood vessel were tested regularly.Results The level of serum BP-A[(0.89±0.10)ng/L vs.(0.57±0.04)ng/L]and [(0.64±0.10)ng/L vs.(0.55 ± 0.08)ng/L] were higher in male EISH vs in male control,and in female EISH than in female control (F =23.76,23.86,all P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The levels of adiponectin were lower in male EISH vs control[(4.9±1.4)ng/L vs.(10.5±2.7)ng/L and in female EISH vs control(6.0±1.3) ng/L vs.(11.5±3.3)ng/L),F=13.10,16.20,all P＜0.01.Root mean sequare of the successive normal sinus RR interval difference(rMSSD)were lower in male/ female EISH than control groups(F=13.10、13.70,P ＜0.01).Serum BP-A level was positively correlated with the bocly mass index and systolic pressure (r =0.38,0.54,P ＜ 0.01),and was negatively correlated with serum Ad and rMSSD(r=-0.46,-0.42,P＜0.01).Conclusions Obvious gender difference in changes of serum BP-A exists in older patients with EISH.Network cytokines may take part in the pathophysiological process of the obesity related hypertension.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors that influence FeCl-induced mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Platelets were isolated from donor mice and labeled with Calcein-AM. Mice were transfused intravenously with Calcein-AM labeled platelets. The influence of mouse ages (3-6 weeks, 6-10 weeks and >10 weeks), transfused platelets counts (1×10, 1×10and 2×10platelets) and concentrations of FeCl(6%, 12%, 24% and 48%) on FeCl-induced thrombosis model were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occlusion time was 16 min for mice aged 3-6 weeks, which was shorter than that for 6 mice aged 6-10 weeks(25 min)(P<0.05) and that for mice aged >10 weeks(38 min)(P<0.01). The occlusion time resulting from transfusion of 1×10and 2×10of pletclets was 15-18 min, which was shorter than that of transfusion 1×10platelets (30 mins). The occlusion time resulting from transfusion of 6% and 12% FeClwas from 15 to 20 min, however the transfusion of 24% and 48% FeClall in all leads to vessel occlusion within 10 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The factors influencing the success of FeCl-induced mouse thrombosis model are more. Transfusion of 1×10to 2×10labeled platelets to 3-6 week-old mice, and 6% to 12% of FeClshould be used to induce thrombosis, and the experimental conditions should be optimized for this animal model, therefore, it is easier for us to set up a mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model.</p>
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Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D),and rapamycin (autophagy inducer) group (group R).Inflammatory pain was produced by injecting 50 μl bee venom into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group C,0.9％ normal saline was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group D,2％ DMSO was injected through a gastric tube into the stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin l0 mg/kg (in 2％ DMSO) was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 h after the model was established.After measurement of the pain threshold,the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and p62 by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,the TWL was significantly shortened in IP and D groups,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated in IP,D and R groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased,the TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated in group R (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion Autophagy disorders are involved in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.
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Objective To evaluate the role of hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in inflammatory pain in rats.Methods Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and rapamycin (inhibitor of mTOR) group (group R).Inflammatory pain was produced by injection of honey bee venom 50 μl into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.While the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.In group D,2％ DMSO was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day lasting for 3 days,and inflammatory pain was produced at 1 h after the last injection on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin 10 mg/kg (in 2％ DMSO) was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day lasting for 3 days,and inflammatory pain was produced at 1 h after the last injection on 3rd day.At 2 h after the model was established,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.Rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold,and hippocampal tissues were obtained for detection of the expression of mTOR,phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR),ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and phosphorylated S6K (p-S6K).Results Compared to group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K was up-regulated,and no significant change was found in the expression of mTOR and S6K in IP and DMSO groups,and no significant change was found in group R in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-mTOR,mTOR,p-S6K and S6K.Compared to group IP,no significant change was found in group DMSO in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-mTOR,mTOR,p-S6K and S6K,and the MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,the expression of p-mTOR and p-S6K was down-regulated,and no significant change was found in the expression of mTOR and S6K in group R.Conclusion Hippocampal mTOR signaling pathways are involved in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.
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BACKGROUND: It is discovered that trace elements in Chinese patent medicine play an important role in pharmaceutical efficacy and structural analysis. A new topic has been formed gradually in a further research on pharmaceutical efficacy and effective components of Chinese patent medicine in the view of inorganic trace elements. The fuzzy classified study on the interrelationship between trace and constant elements of Chinese herbs and therapeutic effects is to discuss the trace-element action of drugs in the holistic aspect of trace elenent and research rather scientifically the holistic coordination among trace elements in Chinese herbs.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of 21 kinds of trace and constant elements in Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease. To study with fuzzy classified method the interdependence between trace, constant elements of drugs and therapeutic effects so as to provide a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.DESIGN: Testified observed study based on various Chinese patent medicines.SETTING: Chemistry teaching-research room in a university and department of cardiology in a general hospital of a chemical industrial group corporation.MATERIALS: Twenty-one kinds of common Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in clinic, namely di' ao xinxuekang capsule(DXK), xueshuan xinmaining capsule(XMN), shan haidan capsule(SHD), buchang naoxintong capsule(NXT), linaoxin capsule(LNX), xinnaosu capsule(XNS), lixin wan(LXW), suxiao jiuxin wan (SJX), xinbao wan(XBW), yinxingye pian(YXY), fufang danshen pian (DSP), niuhuang jiangya wan(NHJY), naosaitong pian(NST), qiangli tianma duzhong wan ( TD W ) , tongsaimai pian ( TSM ) , tongmai ningxin infusion(TMNX), maitong capsule(MTC), fufang yinxing wan ( YXW ) , da huoluo dan(DHL), guanxin suhe capsule(GXSH) and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule (XSTL).METHODS: Wet digestion was used to manage samples, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method(AAS) method was used to determine the contents of 10 kinds of trace and constant elements in 21 Chinese patent medicines,namely Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn. Data range method was applied for the standardized management of statistical indexes of various element contents in relevant drugs, dotprod(U, V) method was used to measure correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. The interrelationship was analyzed between the contents of trace elements of various Chinese medicines and pharmaceutical efficacy. By the analysis of fuzzy matrixes in universe, it was to evaluate firmly on the efficacy similarity of various kinds of Chinese patent medicines with quantitative indexes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of element contents; ② Results of fuzzy cluster analysis on elements.RESULTS: The standardized management of statistical indexes was carried on the contents of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in various drugs to determine correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. When(r) = 0.55, there were 9 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely xueshuan xinmaining capsule, buchang naoxintong capsule, lixin wan, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan,tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule, da h uoluo dan and xiaoshuan tongluo capsu le. When(r) =0. 65, there were 6 kinds of drugs similar in cluster,namely buchang naoxintong capsule, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan, tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule. When(r) =0. 87, there were 2 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely buchang naoxintong capsule and xin bao wan.CONCLUSION: It is indicated in the research that the drugs are in rich of trace and constant elements. The larger the correlation coefficient of drugs is,the more similar the pharmaceutical efficacy is. It is discovered the close interrelationship of the trace and constant elements in drugs with their pharmaceutical efficacy. In this research, fuzzy classified method is used to discuss, in the view of trace elements, the similarity of quantitative indexes in efficacy of Chinese patent medicine commonly administrated in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease, which has provided a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.
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Objective:To study the surgical approach to the orbital floor and infraorbital rim.Method:15 cases of fractures of the orbital floor and infraorbital rim were treated with the transconjunctival approach.Result:All fractures of the orbital floor and infraorbital rim were repositioned and fixed through transconjunctival approach. Except for 1 case with mild canthal malposition, no other complication was observed.Conclusion:The transconjunctival approach can provide adequate exposure of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor without scar formation in the face.